This cause was later taken up by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which in 2015 published its findings online and in paperback. Milloy released A National Crime, which drew on first-person accounts and primary source documents to expose the corruption and the damage done by the residential school system. Other authors have explored the residential school system specifically, such as with Christy Jordan-Fenton's Fatty Legs, which tells the story of her Inuit mother-in-law's experience at one of these schools. Other Indigenous authors creating novels for young adults include Katherena Vermette, whose graphic novel A Girl Called Echo is a sci-fi version of Métis history Aviaq Johnston ( Those Who Run in the Sky) and Eden Robinson, the author of the Trickster trilogy in which an Indigenous teen learns he's part Trickster. Much of Cherie Dimaline's work focuses on the Indigenous experience in addition to The Marrow Thieves, she's written two other novels ( The Girl who Grew a Galaxy and Red Rooms) and a collection of short stories titled A Gentle Habit. Through interviews with around 7000 survivors of the residential schools, the TRC concluded in 2015 that the schools' actions amounted to cultural genocide.
The last residential school closed in 1996, and in 2008, Prime Minister Stephen Harper created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) to investigate the history of the schools. Many more were kidnapped and adopted out to white families. Many children who died were buried in unmarked graves and have never been identified, while those who survived had neither the cultural knowledge to reintegrate into their families nor the skills to assimilate into white society.
In practice, the schools were successful in cutting children off from their cultures, if the children survived at all-mortality rates were extremely high due to poor conditions, inadequate medical care, and unwillingness on the part of school officials to quarantine or treat the huge number of students infected with tuberculosis. Milloy has argued that the goal of these schools was to "kill the Indian in the child" by removing children from their families, forbidding them to speak their native languages or practice their religious beliefs, and in theory, preparing them to assimilate into mainstream Canadian society.
Though the Canadian residential school program came into its full power in the 1860s and '70s (after the passage of the Indian Act and an amendment that made attendance at residential or day schools mandatory for Indigenous children), efforts to assimilate Indigenous populations into European colonial society had been going on since the French arrived in New France in the 17th century.
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